Manila Principles on Intermediary Liability

The Manila Principles are a set of standards for censorship and takedown laws, developed by EFF and other NGOs to guide governments towards implementing laws that protect free expression.

The Principles

1. Intermediaries should be shielded from liability for third-party content
2. Content must not be required to be restricted without an order by a judicial authority
3. Requests for restrictions of content must be clear, be unambiguous, and follow due process
4. Laws and content restriction orders and practices must comply with the tests of necessity and proportionality
5. Laws and content restriction policies and practices must respect due process
6. Transparency and accountability must be built into laws and content restriction policies and practices.

External links

• Manila Principles
• Manila Principles background paper (.pdf)
• Manila Principles jurisdictional analysis (.pdf)